Drug profile of pharmacology ( Naloxone ) Essay

Drug profile of pharmacology ( Naloxone ) - Essay Example They also reverse the effect of the exogenous and endogenous opioid receptors by creating perceptible of opioid withdrawal in the opioid dependent patients. The common Opioid antagonists are naloxone and nalmefene and naltrexone are competitive antagonists for the opioid receptors. Naloxone is used primarily for the patients suffering from respiratory depression. 2. Naloxone – An introduction: Chemical name: â€Å"(-)-17-Allyl-4, 5a-epoxy-3, 14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one.† (Sinatra, Jahr and Watkins-Pitchford, 2010). Generic Name: Naloxone Trade names: â€Å"Naloxone hydrochloride Injection (DBL or CSL brands), Naloxone Min-I-Jet Suboxone (in combination with Buprenorphine), Targin (in combination with oxycodone).† (Sinatra, Jahr and Watkins-Pitchford, 2010). Other Names: â€Å"L-Naloxone , N- Allylnoroxymorphone, Nalossone, Naloxona, Naloxone HCl, Naloxonum.† (Sinatra, Jahr and Watkins-Pitchford, 2010). Similar Ligands of Naloxone: Nalmefene, naltrexone, (+ ) – Naloxone, Naloxonazine, nalbuphine, naltriben and naltrindole, naloxone benzoylhydrazone, TRK820, beta – FNA, etorphine, diprenorphine, buprenorphine, nor-binalto and BNTX .(Sinatra, Jahr and Watkins-Pitchford, 2010). ... It is mainly used for managing opiate dependence syndrome and respiratory depressions caused by overdose of Opioids. The paramedic indications are: 1. Antinarcotic agents. 2. Narcotic antagonists. 3. Depressants. 4. Opiate Antagonists. 5. Reverse sedations caused by Opioids. 6. Respiratory depressants in neonatal care. 3. Mechanism of Action: Naloxone reverses the effect of the opioid overdose. Naloxone competitively binds to the opioid receptors and replaces the opioid molecules. By doing so, it reverses the effect of the agonists such as heroin. Naloxone is competitive antagonists at the mu, kappa and delta receptors. They have 10 fold greater affinity for the mu receptors. (Harvey and Champe 2008). Naloxone does not have any effect on the normal individuals but they precipitate the withdrawal symptoms at the abuse users. Animal studies have suggested that Naloxone inhibits GABA release and stimulates the cholinergic activity. Similarly they do not reverse the effects of ethanol. N aloxone first increases the local blood flow. (Harvey and Champe 2008). Then the drug crosses the cellular membrane and increases the cellular metabolism. Finally it aids in cell repair. Fig 2: competition of Naloxone with the opioid agonists. (Harvey and Champe 2008). Pharmacology: Naloxone is a pure competitive antagonist for the mu receptors. Mu receptors are responsible for miosis, euphoria, feeding, sedation and respiratory depression. Naloxone binds to the competitive receptors such that their antagonists or partial antagonists or mixed agonist- antagonist binding without any independent action. (Flomenbaum et al. 2006). The pharmacokinetics of naloxone differs from the other antagonists. Some studies have also found that extreme low doses of naloxone (0.25 micrograms per

Implementation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Implementation - Research Paper Example Poor training will mean that the people who are supposed to be using the system are in the dark in the running of the system. They need to be part of the implementers of the system rather than being mere spectators (Graham, 2009). For Aux Bons Soins to go through in the implementation process of the system, they need to have all the data that need to be captured in the system in place. The data should not have any signs of redundancy. They should be as clean as a possible. There should be modules in place that will be used in the various sectors like the finance module, the human resource and the payroll system. The placing of these systems in place will make integration of the systems to be simple (Graham, 2009). Challenges of implementing ERP There are various challenges that are experienced in implementing an ERP system. This was experienced with the implementation of ERP in Aux Bons Soins. The main causes for the difficulties of the implementation are that of lack of support from the top management. Initially, there was a lack of understanding of the system with the top management. The top management was not supportive of the implementation of the new system. They did not think that the system will solve the problems of the various departments. This therefore affected the way finances were distributed and the way funding was undertaken. Without enough financial resources, a new system will not be implemented well. This was a major issue with the implementation of ERP system in Aux Bons Soins (Graham, 2009). Another source of the difficulty was the lack of cohesion between the various departments in the organization. Since the ERP system will be used to serve various processes in the whole organization, there is a need to have a unified process and one vision of the whole organization. There was a problem with the whole organization as the various departments in the organization had varying views (Young, 2009). This is something that made the implementation process hard. If the system would be implemented in one department or fewer departments, the problem could be avoided and the implementation would be a lot easier. Each department has developed their own objectives. This is making the whole process difficult. This made unifying the whole implementation process a tedious process. ERP systems serve many departments and; this is unlike other systems which are used to manage one process which affects one or two departments (Graham, 2009). Another issue and source of difficulties in the process were the technical compatibility with the other systems which have been running in the organization. It was hard for the technical department to unify the technical modules so that there is one system and the compatibility with the various processes that are found in the different departments. This is one cause of the difficulties which were found in the various departments (Graham, 2009). Key elements which led to success One of the key factors t hat will determine the success of an ERP is the project management. This is the application of the skills and knowledge so that the coordination of the schedules and activity monitoring is achieved. The plan for project management involves the definition of the activities that will be performed, assigning of personnel to those activities, and promoting the acceptability of the process in the system. There is also the very important factor of business process reengineering. This is the